Monday, May 17, 2010

What are the essential structures of a city?

Im trying to model an interactive virtual city/town/community


populated by virtual people with simplified behaviors. Right now Im just concentrating on the essential structure/parts of a typical city so I can make a simplified,general template as a guide for building this environment.


To start, I listed some building block structures that center around human needs like food/energy, water, shelter...etc.


for example: structures related to...


food(grocery store, restaurant)


energy(electrical power plant)


water(water filtration plant)


waste management(sewer, waste processing plant)


shelter(residential house, hotel, apartment, office building)


transportation(pathway/ro... bridge, highway, vehicle factory, gas station, train station, airport)


health(hospital, dental office)


order/government(city hall, police station, fire station)


entertainment(movie theater, shopping mall, sports stadium, park)


learning(school, university, library, museum)


This list is still growing. I dont need to model complicated, realistic buildings. Simple, basic, primitive blocks/cartoon representations of the real things would suffice. Think lego city.





Any kind of info,idea,link,reference you want to share is welcome and appreciated. Thanks for helping.

What are the essential structures of a city?
I think that the most important structures are the infra-structures like the bridges, miitary structures, etc ...

slippers

I bet u didn't know THIS! very educationg!!!!?

Flying squirrels are the oldest living line of modern squirrels (modern, as opposed to their precursors, the early-Eocene squirrel-like rodents called "paramyids"). Evidence of their relative's existence goes back to the late Eocene period, between 38 and 55 million years ago! Tree squirrels made their first appearance on this earth during the late Oligocene period, about 30 million years ago. Ground squirrels came in waves, with some appearing 28 million years ago (very late Oligocene period), late Miocene period (8 million years ago) and very late Pliocene period (2.5 million years ago).





==========





North American flying squirrels are not very well represented in the fossil record, for several reasons.





Their fine bone structures do not fossilize well, and due to their arboreal lifestyle, dead specimens rarely were situated so that fossilization could occur. Flying squirrel teeth are often the only fossil record that survive the ravages of time. Attempts have been made, in the past, to identify extinct flying squirrel species' via dentition characteristics, but it was found that using this method alone was inaccurate more often than not. A high degree of expertise is required to make distinctions between extinct tree and flying squirrel teeth, so skeletal (including the skull) AND dental characteristics combined present the most accurate method of identification.





So, there being a paucity of information to be gleaned from fossil records (these records are virtually all Pleistocene Era records, by the way), we have little data to enlighten us about the flying squirrel's time here on this continent.





What we do know, however, is:





What we now call the southern flying squirrel likely emigrated to North America via the Bering Land Bridge via Asia roughly 25 million years ago during the early Miocene era. This squirrel was adapted for life in temperate mixed deciduous-coniferous forests, and migrated north and south with the glacier activity through the eons.





More adapted to warmer climes than the northern, southern flying squirrels found themselves migrating as far south as Central America during the Pleistocene era, roughly 100,000 years ago. Relict populations exist to this day in higher-elevation areas of Central America and Mexico, their connectivity forever lost due to climate changes and more recently, large-scale deforestation.





What we now call the northern flying squirrel is a relative newcomer to North America, having emigrated to North America during another incarnation of the Bering Land Bridge roughly 12 million years ago, during the early Pliocene era. This route of emigration via the Bering Land Bridge is not unusual, as many of North America's mammals, both extinct and extant, followed a similar route. In fact, it is generally accepted that our First Nations people emigrated to this continent via the Bering Land Bridge roughly 12,000 years ago, although there is some evidence that there may have been "ancient mariners" who rafted across the Pacific Ocean





The general thinking today is that the northern flying squirrels came from different stock than that of the southern flying squirrel. The most convincing argument for this theory is the squirrel's baculum, a small supporting bone of the penis that aids in the mating process and is present in many mammal species. The northern flying squirrel's baculum is structurally much more comparable in shape possessed by the Asian genus Hylopetes than that of the southern flying squirrel's. Shown on the right is the baculum of the northern flying squirrel (much enlarged!).








The Bering Land Bridge (Beringia)





The Bering Sea, Bering Strait and Beringia (a term to describe an area ranging from the Kolyma River in the Russian far east to the Mackenzie River in the Northwest Territories of Canada) was named for Vitus Bering, a Danish explorer for a Russian czar in the 18th Century.





At some points, this land mass, which at times sported a rich mixed forest environment, was thousands of miles wide, depending upon sea levels in the Bering Sea.





An animated video on how post-glacial flooding affects the size and scope of the Bering Land Bridge can be found here.





Below is a graphic detailing the extent of the last ice age. Flying squirrels, like most of our mammals, had to pack their bags and head south to warmer, more suitable areas such as the taiga biomes shown below. Once a warming trend began to melt these huge masses of ice from south to north, wildlife also moved northward.

I bet u didn't know THIS! very educationg!!!!?
did you just copy all of this down to tell us? very interesting but didnt it consume too much time compared to its worth
Reply:hey thank. your right did not know that.
Reply:I din't know that, but I know squirrel stew is good
Reply:Very interesting, thanks for the info.
Reply:sorrry!! I did not mean to doze off. Now,what was the question again?
Reply:Do you have a question? And, nice job of copying and pasting here. This sure looks like a copyright violation!
Reply:Thank you for coping that info.
Reply:Very Interesting.
Reply:Well I really did not read it cause I really dont care second it was way tooooooo long for this site. I hope you put that much energy in your school work as you did on this crap
Reply:this is so fascinating. I think I will specialize in Flying Squirrels and take classes from you.
Reply:Just coincidental I have two of those little rascals in a huge tree in my front yard. I feed them and they are becoming used to me being around. It's really rewarding. I find it especially interesting that squirrel bones do not fossilize because of their particular structure. You have compiled a lot of impressive information. Thank you.
Reply:well some people already knew that but i guess for those who didn't it is very educating
Reply:Cool....i didn't know that..
Reply:You are smart




































































































































































































































































when it comes too























































































































































































































squirrels












































































































































































































































I am smart too



















































































































































































































































































Do you love cheese?




































































































































































































































































Yes!














































































































Me too!






























































































































































Let's have cheese now!







































































































































































OK!
























































































































































Yum





































































































this cheese is so good


















































































































































and cheesy!


Missing Permanent Teeth?

Before I had a fixed bridge made at age 18, most of my bottom teeth were all baby teeth, except for each side, a tooth each at the very back. Also there was a baby tooth on the left top side. I've never had any permanent teeth in these areas, and I never had wisdom teeth. The dentists told me I had 16 permanent teeth that never formed, so the baby teeth were still there until I had them pulled out and had a fixed bridge to take its place.


What was the name of this dental condition called?

Missing Permanent Teeth?
"Congenitally missing teeth can occur in two variations, hypodontia and oligodontia. Hypodontia is characterized by the absence of six or fewer permanent teeth, while oligodontia is characterized by the absence of more than six permanent teeth."





I'm missing one permanent tooth, myself, and still have the baby tooth at age 36. It's actually larger than the tooth that would have taken its place, kind of interesting, but it makes the midpoint of my bottom teeth a little 'off.'
Reply:Hypodontia or partial anodontia


Plz help! get it pulled?

one of my teeth had a filling a few years ago and always bothered me, very sensative and i thought i might have cracked it when eating hard candy months later but my dentist couldn't find anything wrong....so i lived with the pain and later went to another dentist who said i needed a root canal right away! so i did but after that it still hurt (it's been a year since root canal) and now it has had like a hard bubble above it for months...now today the skin on my gum looks white and red and it's peeling!!! so i put hydrogyn poroxide on it...should i just get it pulled? i can't afford to get all the bridge work or crown cuz i don't have dental insurance! it's kinda in the back so you wouln't notice much if i just got it pulled...

Plz help! get it pulled?
You should avoid having the tooth pulled if at all possible. The problem with this is that all of your teeth will start to shift, to fill the space, if the tooth isn't there.





You NEED to go back to the dentist who did the root canal...He clearly didn't do his job right, because a root canal is supposed to take out all of the things that would allow you to feel pain from that tooth. He should fix this, and he should not charge you for the work, considering you've already paid for the root canal.





Also, if it ends up being something more involved, check with your county or state offices, as they can often provide "emergency", short-term insurance for things like this.
Reply:Normally you would probably get a dental implant at this point but it is very expensive and you dont have dental insurance. so yes you should just get it pulled and hopefully it should take care of your problem. good luck
Reply:Best to go back. They may not even have to pull it if not necessary. They would try to keep your real teeth instead. If you did get it pulled, a bridge or implant would take it's place. So that your teeth don't shift and change your bite. Depends on your area how much extractions will cost. Here in my So.CA dental office, it costs about $250. Best to check with the doctor. Good luck!
Reply:Just get rid of it. It saves you the pain and misery of having to tolerate the pain and it saves you money because extraction is way cheaper than root canals, crowns and what not.





Toothaches are the worst! The best way is just to endure the pain of extraction for a few days and get rid of the annoying gnawing pain for the rest of your life. The next best alternative, which doesn't come close to getting rid of what's causing you pain, is Ponston.





Here's to a better life! :)


SERIOUS teeth & headache question!?

Okay. Dental History: Ive had braces before %26amp; i have a bridge of "fake" porcelain veneers because i was born without my "eye" teeth.





About two %26amp; a half weeks ago I had some pretty serious cavity removal. They capped three of my teeth, and I think crowned one of them. One cavity was super deep.





Aftewards, those three teeth hurt for about a week. Now, every morning, every night %26amp; every afternoon different sections of my teeth hurt. It varies from 'toothache' type pain, to feeling like my teeth are moving...the pain gets so bad it gives me chronic headaches. I take two pain remover pills every 6 hours, and ive taken a whole bottle of aleve %26amp; tylenol in the past week collectively.





I have a dentist appt. next week...and ive been using Sensodyne because they are so sensitive! [keep in mind these are the teeth that WERENT worked on. those dont hurt anymore.] I also SEVERLY clench my teeth every night, i wake up with a headache/jawache every morning.





Whats the deal? What can i do!

SERIOUS teeth %26amp; headache question!?
I had a patient this week with the same problem...


With having fairly recent dental work done, it takes a while to become use to the "newness" in your mouth. Your bite may be slightly off occlusion and just a simple adjustment could fix the sensitivity. Or... you may need a root canal if the sensitivity is so bad it wakes you up at night. If your having pain with HOT that is not a good thing. That usually means a root canal is what you need. As far as the grinding and clenching your jaw at night, you really need to get a mouthguard made. Have your dentist do that or you can buy one at Walmart or Walgreen. They are not the greatest if they are not professionally made. At a dentis about $80ish if its a soft guard, a lot more it they want a lab to make it. Hope I helped a little with your question. Good luck
Reply:It sounds like you have a TMJ problem - that is tempero mandibular joint. It's the joint where your upper and lower jaws meet. If you are clenching and grinding at night, your teeth start to hurt. Sometimes it can even hurt to clean. Ask your dentist. They will probably recommend a splint which is an acrylic device you wear at night (a little like a mouthguard). It stops the teeth locking together and allows the muscles around the TM joint to relax. It also stops the wear and tear on your teeth.
Reply:Sounds like you grind your teeth in your sleep like me. Your dentist can give you a thing called a mouth/teeth guard that you can wear when you go to bed. It doesn't hurt, but it can help with your pain. I hope this helps!
Reply:The change and clenching could be the problem that is causing the severe sensitivity. Wear a nightguard at night. If you don't like the store bought one have your dentist make you one. When using sensitivity toothpaste, be sure not to rinse after brushing. Brush, spit, do not rinse/eat/drink for 30 minutes. If you rinse immediately after brushing you rinse all the sensitivity ingredient off.
Reply:Simple - you need your bite adjusted. I had a similar problem with a crown. After I got the crown, I would constantly get food (meat) trapped between that tooth. Drove me nuts! Caused pain.





My dentist did a bite adjustment on it and it helped a little, but still caused probs - so he did a 2nd adjustment. Now it's fine.





What's happening is that your upper teeth are colliding with the new crown and the crown needs to be lowered a little with a dental bur. It's pretty simple to do - make an appt soon!

Skin

False Tooth?

I need a pricing variation on false teeth. I need a molar. Either a bridge or a tooth I don’t have dental insurance. I have some cash in stash, though.

False Tooth?
i went to the local dental college, and i found that to be much much much cheaper. you might want to check to see if there is such a critter where you live. the dental college cost me less than half of what a regular dentist wanted even using the dental insurance i had.
Reply:Well spend that cash and get that tooth.
Reply:I'd say around 5oo to 7oo bucks


That's without insurance
Reply:the end justifies the means
Reply:you swallow.. ya retard
Reply:???


Need identification any real psychics want to help here?

The Doe Network:


Case File 789UMCO





Notebook





Unidentified White Male








The victim was discovered on September 8, 2004 in the Flat Tops, White River National Forest, Garfield County, Colorado


Estimated Date of Death: No longer than 5 years prior to discovery


Skeletal remains








--------------------------------------...





Vital Statistics








Estimated age: Late 40s to late 50s, but could have been anywhere from 35 to 65.


Approximate Height : 6'0"


Distinguishing Characteristics: Forensic examiners say he suffered some discomfort from degeneration in his back and neck.


Dentals: The man had extensive dental work, including gold work, crowns, bridges and fillings in almost all his teeth, suggesting the man had money.


Clothing: A pair of size 9M Timberland brown-and-black hiking boots.


Possessions: Located was fragments of sleeping cushion, fragments of blue backpack, a yellow-green plastic poncho, parts of a brown sleeping bag, blue hairbrush, two plastic zipper bags, Six $100 bills, one $10 bill, one $5 bill, five $1 bills , green Eureka dome tent, blue-and-black Jansport backpack, green camping pillow, black belt with clinging long underwear fragments, Slumberjack sleeping bag, empty Tylenol bottle, eight multicolored butane lighters, one magnifying glass, one compass, fingernail clippers, bell, spoon, pepper spray, 20 packages of Camel unfiltered cigarettes, Butane stove with two fuel cans, sweetwater water-filtration kit, pocket-sized Battleship game, round red-and-blue canteen, two green plastic military-style canteens, pair of sunglasses, pair of reading glasses, silver Sharper Image binoculars, "4 in 1" Radio Shack game, two drinking cups, aluminum cooking pot, pair of tweezers, package of foam earplugs, package of razor blades, tent repair kit, pair of blue wool socks with duct tape around the toes, roll of duct tape, two National Geographic trail maps of the Flat Tops.


Other: A pocket-sized, spiral notebook with a green cover with hand-drawn artwork depicting a heart and some figures inside the heart, including what appears to be a cat.


The first page, addressed to "Lib," begins, "I should wait in case my situation here doesn't improve. This may be the end of my journey."


"Would like for you to claim the body . . . services or memoreal. Cremation."


The CBI found the next section illegible, although individual words such as "I" and "thought" and "favor" or "flavor" could be made out.


On another page, more text could be discerned, but the CBI analysts said the writer's point is not clear. That sections reads, "Third choice take them up in a glider (I promise not to get sick on you," before becoming illegible. Some common words - "this," "you" and "not" - are identifiable.


On yet another page, the writing apparently goes, "ar on the . . . would you call her...d have it sent...you because I . . . want it to . . . where." Analysts also interpreted a recovered fragment to read, "be . . . er . . . my . . . s are going."





Possessions











--------------------------------------...





Case History


The victim was located September 8, 2004, by bow hunters in a remote area north of Glenwood Springs. The site is in the drainage of No Name Creek at about 9,700 feet elevation, about 6 miles as the crow flies from Glenwood Springs, but 12 miles by the Transfer Trail out of town.


The skeleton revealed no cause of death and the sheriff's office has been assuming it probably was natural.


The man was found in a tent at a campsite in a wooded, remote location. His trousers had rotted away, but the date of currency found at his campsite indicates he apparently had been there no longer than five years.


The letter leaves open the possibility the man was suicidal, although there is no reason to believe he killed himself. Perhaps he was terminally ill and chose to take his life. The man also could have succumbed to unexpected illness or injury while on an outing in the Flat Tops.


Much about the case is conjecture, including a theory that the man entered the Flat Tops Wilderness at a trailhead on the north and hiked four or five days across elevations of 11,000 feet before setting up his tent on a southern drainage at about 9,700 feet. That theory is supported by two moisture-proof National Geographic trail maps of the Flat Tops with a route drawn across them to the area where the remains were discovered. But it's possible the man picked up the maps someone else had marked and left behind.











--------------------------------------...





Investigators


If you have any information about this case please contact:


Garfield County sheriffs Office


970-945-1377, Ext. 1025


Or


Crime Tips


970-384- 3625


You may remain anonymous when submitting information.





NCIC Number:


N/A


Please refer to this number when contacting any agency with information regarding this case.





Source Information:


Glenwood Springs Post Independent


Rocky Mountain News

Need identification any real psychics want to help here?
My psychic skills are undeveloped, but sometimes I get strong feelings about certain information.





I believe his first name is John or George, and his last name starts with Mac or Mc.


He was not suicidal, but he was terminally ill, and believed that no-one could help him. He was poor in the end, after spending his lifetime's financial establishment on looking for a cure. His condition did not affect his ability to walk, carry a heavy load, survive in very cold weather or remain sane when alone for long periods. He came out to hike alone to establish peace with God, and pray that the research he financed will help his children out of this hereditary condition. His condition was physical, but it affected him neurologically, leading to mild psychosis including paranoia, boredom and hypersensitivity to light and sound. His immunological and circulatory system was sound till his last days, but there was something bad in the food he was consuming.


In his last days he became complacent, forgetting to eat and drink, and due to the loss of fat and muscle on his body, painlessly died of hypothermia in his sleep.





I hope this helps. It may not be accurate; it's just a feeling I get from reading the above report.


 
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